HHV-6 and Natural Killer Cells




P.P. Banerjee on IFN-gamma-Dependent Demyelinating Activity by Natural Killer Cells is Regulated by HLA-G Upregulation on Oligodendrocytes During HHV-6 Infection.

HHV-6 Modulates Natural Killer Cells Via IL-15 Production

HHV-7 and Natural Killer Cells
The Human Herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) U21 Immunoevasin Subverts NK-Mediated Cytoxicity through Modulation of MICA and MICB
Christine L. Schneider and Amy W. Hudson
Abstract
Herpesviruses have evolved numerous immune evasion strategies to facilitate establishment of lifelong persistent infections. Many herpesviruses encode gene products devoted to preventing viral antigen presentation as a means of escaping detection by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) U21 gene product, for example, is an immunoevasin that binds to class I major histocompatibility complex molecules and redirects them to the lysosomal compartment. Virus infection can also induce the upregulation of surface ligands that activate NK cells. Accordingly, the herpesviruses have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms to prevent NK cell engagement of NK-activating ligands on virus-infected cells. Here we demonstrate that the HHV-7 U21 gene product interferes with NK recognition. U21 can bind to the NK activating ligand ULBP1 and reroute it to the lysosomal compartment. In addition, U21 downregulates the surface expression of the NK activating ligands MICA and MICB, resulting in a reduction in NK-mediated cytotoxicity. These results suggest that this single viral protein may interfere both with CTL-mediated recognition through the downregulation of class I MHC molecules as well as NK-mediated recognition through downregulation of NK activating ligands.

The Human Herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) U21 Immunoevasin Subverts NK-Mediated Cytoxicity through Modulation of MICA and MICB
Christine L. Schneider, Amy W. Hudson
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
Abstract
Herpesviruses have evolved numerous immune evasion strategies to facilitate establishment of lifelong persistent infections. Many herpesviruses encode gene products devoted to preventing viral antigen presentation as a means of escaping detection by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) U21 gene product, for example, is an immunoevasin that binds to class I major histocompatibility complex molecules and redirects them to the lysosomal compartment. Virus infection can also induce the upregulation of surface ligands that activate NK cells. Accordingly, the herpesviruses have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms to prevent NK cell engagement of NK-activating ligands on virus-infected cells. Here we demonstrate that the HHV-7 U21 gene product interferes with NK recognition. U21 can bind to the NK activating ligand ULBP1 and reroute it to the lysosomal compartment. In addition, U21 downregulates the surface expression of the NK activating ligands MICA and MICB, resulting in a reduction in NK-mediated cytotoxicity. These results suggest that this single viral protein may interfere both with CTL-mediated recognition through the downregulation of class I MHC molecules as well as NK-mediated recognition through downregulation of NK activating ligands.

Popular Posts in the Last 7 Days

Perplexity on Rebecca Culshaw Smith, and PrEP as Genocide

Gallo's early statements about HHV-6

Racist science and medicine at the Centers for Disease Control?

Perplexity A.I. discusses K.S.

K.S. may be the future of the AIDS epidemic

The end of an era

Popular Post in the Last 30 Days

Perplexity on Rebecca Culshaw Smith, and PrEP as Genocide

New cartoon

If one assumeS Rebecca Culshaw's Substack is correct, what were 20 moments in the last 40 ears when scientist should have recognized something was wrong in the HIV/AIDS paradigm?

Activation of endogenous retrovirus reverse transcriptase in multiple sclerosis patient lymphocytes by inactivated HSV-1, HHV-6 and VZV

Perplexity on the Nosology of AIDS

Perplexity on David Ho

Perplexity on the AIDS paradigm

Popular Posts from the Last Year

Ablashi discusses HHV-6, AIDS, Alzheimer's, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Oral Kaposi's Sarcoma looks like the Crimson Crescents in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome patients.

Why HIV should be referred to as "a red herring."

Dr. Bhupesh Prusty and Professor Thomas Rudel discuss their HHV-6 research

All Time Most Popular Posts

Dr. Bhupesh Prusty and Professor Thomas Rudel discuss their HHV-6 research

Anthony Fauci was part of the gang that silenced and destroyed Judy Mikovits.

Was Judy Mikovits destroyed because her XMRV work would have ultimately shown HIV is a total fraud?

Is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome the other AIDS epidemic in the gay community?