Evidence piles up that HHV-6 (the AIDS and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome virus) is causing Alzheimer's
HHV-6 |
Lavinia Alberi Auber, University of Fribourg, Switzerland, probed the olfactory system for signs of HHV-6. Auber studies age-related decline in olfaction, a non-specific harbinger of future AD, PD, or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Auber has seen neuropathological changes that may underlie this gradual loss. Studying postmortem olfactory tissue from 38 people who had symptoms ranging from mild cognitive impairment to severe AD, Auber noticed a prominent and progressive tauopathy in olfactory neurons. She also detected a weak amyloid pathology in the synaptic terminal in the olfactory bulb that looked to her like intracellular amyloid deposits. These could be a response to nerve damage or infection, she believes.
Using immunohistochemistry, Auber also detected certain viral proteins, which indicate a new infection or viral reactivation, only in AD patients. In people with early AD, these antigens were limited to a few neurons. In more advanced cases, staining appeared as puncta scattered across the whole olfactory tract, and co-localized with phosphorylated tau. One synapse away, in the olfactory region of the entorhinal cortex, the viral antigens co-localized with amyloid plaques. In several autopsy cases, she found neurons and microglia that tested positive for HHV6A scattered throughout the entorhinal cortex.
The results suggest that HHV-6A, and -6B, may spread from the nose through the olfactory circuit into the brain. It remains to be seen if this contributes to, or is an effect of AD progression in these patients. One complication of the study is that herpesviruses can reactivate after death, and Auber agreed that post-mortem delay may have precipitated this in some samples. The work needs to be confirmed and replicated in more subjects, she said.
Conveniently, olfactory neurons can be biopsied in living people. Auber would like to do this to screen for HHV-6 infection. She is evaluating saliva as a less invasive source for detection of specific viruses, and for monitoring changes in the saliva microbiome over the course of Alzheimer’s disease.
Source: Herpesvirus: Trigger for Many Brain Pathologies?https://www.alzforum.org/news/conference-coverage/herpesvirus-trigger-many-brain-pathologies-0
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