If Rebecca Culshaw's critique of HIV, as presented on her Substack and in her books, were proven correct, the consequences for the scientific community would indeed be apocalyptic. This is because the entire intellectual and institutional edifice linking HIV to AIDS would collapse, triggering the systematic retraction of hundreds of thousands of papers—and everything that has relied on those findings since the 1980s. Scope of Scientific Retraction HIV/AIDS research is among the largest, most heavily funded, and most published domains in biomedicine. If Culshaw’s central claims—that HIV has never been properly isolated, does not cause AIDS, and that AIDS is largely a social or diagnostic construct—were validated, all papers premised on HIV’s pathogenicity, diagnostics, or treatment would be based on a false foundation and require retraction. This includes: Basic virology (identification, isolation, genetic sequencing of HIV). Epidemiology papers tracking HIV prevalence and transmi...